Activité biologique des poudres de cinq plantes et de l’huile essentielle d’une d’entre elles sur Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)
2004
Kellouche, Abdellah | Soltani, Noureddine
Powders from dry leaves of four plant species: Ficus carica (Moraceae), Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), Olea europaea (Oleacea) and Citrus limon (Rutaceae), were evaluated under controlled conditions (30 ± 1°C and 70 ± 5% RH), for their biological activity against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and were compared to a powder from cloves of myrtle Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) and to eugenol (the essential oil from cloves). Once mixed with seeds of chickpea Cicer arietinum at doses of 1 to 5% (w/w), all the five powders significantly reduced adult longevity. Among these tested botanicals, clove powder was the most toxic as adult survival in treated seeds was less than 24 h, even at the lowest dosage of 1%. The powders from dry leaves also reduced fecundity while that from cloves completely inhibited oviposition in C. maculatus. Indeed, the mean number of eggs laid in chickpea seeds treated with powders from dry leaves of the four plant species above varied from 273.2 ± 30.3 to 373.8 ± 58.2 against 401.8 ± 37.9 in the control (untreated seeds). At the highest dose of 5%, all powders significantly reduced the number of emerging adults: 149.3 ± 46.7 in treatment with O. europaea, 139.8 ± 25.1 with E. globulus, 82.8 ± 48.1 with C. limon, 31.5 ± 20.5 in treatment with F. carica and 0.0 ± 0.0 with S. aromaticum. Tests with lower doses (0,1–0,5%) of clove powder revealed that from the dose of 0.2% and above, C. maculatus adults died before laying eggs. Treatments with eugenol at 5 μl/50 g seeds (v/w), significantly reduced adult longevity (1 ± 0.0 day), the number of eggs laid (0.0 ± 0.0 egg) and adult emergence rate (0.0 ± 0.0 adult), compared to the control used in this test where these parameters are respectively 7.00 ± 0.8 days, 1134.4 ± 204.2 eggs and 745.6 ± 144.9 adults of the first generation.
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