Conversion of sheath blight susceptible indica and japonica rice cultivars into moderately resistant through expression of antifungal β-1,3-glucanase transgene from Trichoderma spp
2022
Pathania, Shivali | Lore, Jagjeet Singh | Kalia, Anu | Kaur, Ajinder | Sharma, Manveer | Mangat, Gurjit Singh | Sandhu, Jagdeep Singh
Rice is an important food crop for three billion people worldwide. The crop is vulnerable to several diseases. Sheath blight caused by fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is a significant threat to rice cultivation accounting for up to 50% yield losses. The pathogen penetrates leaf blades and sheaths, leading to plant necrosis; and major disease resistance gene against the pathogen is not available. This study describes development of sheath blight resistant transgenic indica and japonica rice cultivars through introduction of antifungal β-1,3-glucanase transgene cloned from Trichoderma. The transgene integration and expression in transformed T₀ rice plants was examined by PCR, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR demonstrating up to 5-fold higher expression as compared to non-transgenic plants. The bioassay of T₀, T₁ and homozygous T₂ progeny plants with virulent R. solani isolate revealed that plants carrying high level of β-1,3-glucanase expression displayed moderately resistant reaction to the pathogen. The optical micrographs of leaf sheath cells from moderately resistant plant after pathogen inoculation displayed presence of a few hyphae with sparse branching; on the contrary, pathogen hyphae in susceptible non-transgenic plant cells were present in abundance with profuse hyphal branching and forming prominent infection cushions. The disease severity in T₂ progeny plants was significantly less as compared to non-transgenic plants confirming role of β-1,3-glucanase in imparting resistance.
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