Enrichment of C20-22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Refined Liver Oil of Leafscale Gulper Shark, Centrophorus squamosus
2017
Joseph, Dexy | Chakraborty, Kajal
The C ₂₀₋₂₂ polyunsaturated fatty acids (C ₂₀₋₂₂ PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n -3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n -3), were concentrated from the refined liver oil of deep sea leafscale gulper shark, Centrophorus squamosus , by sequential processes of winterization, urea complexation, and argentation chromatography. Winterization at 4°C using acetonitrile as solvent showed significant reduction of the total saturated fatty acid content (12%) with a concomitant increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (36.3%). The urea complexation process significantly enriched the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (49.5%), with a reduction in saturated fatty acids (83.9%). Silica gel based argentation chromatography further concentrated the esters of C ₂₀₋₂₂ PUFA (>99 percent purity). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy was used as a chemical fingerprinting tool to study the enrichment of C ₂₀₋₂₂ PUFAs at various stages of the purification process. An increase in the proton signal intensity at the olefinic region (at δ 4–6) and a decrease in the aliphatic signals (at δ 0.5–2) showed that the process successfully enriched the C ₂₀₋₂₂ PUFAs. Abbreviations: PUFA , polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA , eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA , docosahexaenoic acid; FAME , fatty acid methyl esters; SFA , saturated fatty acid; MUFA , monounsaturated fatty acid; NMR , nuclear magnetic resonance; GCMS , gas chromatography mass spectrometry; FFA , free fatty acid.
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