Assessment of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil as an eco-friendly approach against biodeterioration of wheat flour caused by Tribolium castaneum Herbst
2019
Upadhyay, Neha | Singh, Vipin Kumar | Dwivedy, Abhishek Kumar | Das, Somenath | Chaudhari, Anand Kumar | Dubey, N. K.
The study reports efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO) as a safe plant-based insecticide against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (TC) by induction of oxidative stress. MOEO nanoencapsulation in chitosan matrix was performed to enhance its bioefficacy. GC–MS analysis of MOEO depicted geranial (31.54%), neral (31.08%), and β-caryophyllene (12.42%) as the major components. MOEO showed excellent insecticidal potential in contact (100% mortality at 0.157 μL/cm²) and fumigant bioassays (LC₅₀ = 0.071 μL/mL air) and 100% repellency at concentration ≤ 0.028 μL/cm². Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreased ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at the LC₅₀ dose suggested significant oxidative stress on TC in MOEO treatment sets. The encapsulated MOEO exhibited enhanced activity as fumigant (LC₅₀ = 0.048 μL/mL air) and showed significant antifeedant activity in situ (EC₅₀ = 0.043 μL/mL). High LD₅₀ value (13,956.87 μL/kg body weight of mice) confirmed favorable toxicological profile for non-target mammals. The findings depict potential of nanoencapsulated MOEO as an eco-friendly green pesticide against infestation of stored food by TC.
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