Control of tobacco nematodes with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in Spain and Italy
2014
Zanón, M. J. | Gutierrez, L. A. | Arbizzani, A. | Myrta, A.
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was used in shank application in two field trials on tobacco in Talayuela (Cáceres) Spain and in Villafontana (VR) Italy, to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera spp. The treatments were DMDS at the rates of 200 and 400 L/ha, 1,3 dichloropropene (1,3-D) 120 L/ha and an untreated control, in Spain, and DMDS at the rates of 370, 280 and 230 L/ha, 1,3-D 140 L/ha and an untreated control in Italy. DMDS and 1,3-D were applied 3 weeks before transplanting and the plots were covered for 2 weeks with a virtually impermeable plastic film (VIF). Then the plastic film was removed and tobacco ‘K-326’ (Spain) and ‘PVH2310’ (Italy) was transplanted one week later. Nematodes in the soil before fumigation were 266 and 64 as second stage juveniles/100 cm3 of M. incognita, respectively in Spain and Italy. At the end of the crop cycle, the severity of the root gall index (GSI) was evaluated according to rating scales of 0-10 in Spain and 0-5 in Italy, and transformed to efficacy rates. In Spain GSIs were 3.3 at 200 L/ha and 1.3 at 400 L/ha for DMDS, 2.5 for 1.3-D and 5.8 for the untreated plots. In Italy, GSI was 4.4 in untreated plots and significantly reduced in the plots treated with DMDS 370 L/ha (2.0) and 280 L/ha (2.1), but not in those treated with DMDS 230 L/ha (3.1) and 1,3-D L/ha (3.9).
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