Biochar carrier application for nitrogen removal of domestic WWTPs in winter: challenges and opportunities
2018
He, Su | Ding, Lili | Wang, Xu | Pan, Yao | Hu, Haidong | Li, Kan | Ren, Hongqiang
Biofilm processes have a better nitrogen removal ability than traditional activated sludge at low temperatures (< 15 °C). Many biofilm processes, as well as integrated biofilm and activated sludge processes, are potential and realizable nitrogen removal upgrading methods for domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, biofilm packing material is attractive for domestic WWTP upgrading and reconstruction in winter. For a half decade, researchers have successfully applied activated carbon to biochar as biofilm carrier in the wastewater treatment field. Biochar, as a biostable soil amendment with pores and crevices on its surface, has been applied in the soil–plant system, which promoted the adsorption of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻, decreased N₂O emission, transcriptional level of narG, nxrA, and nirS, and changed the microbial community composition for better nitrogen removal. However, in the field of wastewater treatment, the study of biochar-packed process is merely in the laboratory stage of simulated wastewater, which deserves further research in the future. In this mini review, we will discuss the performances of different processes at low temperatures, the related mechanism of the biochar-packed process for nitrogen removal, and other potential applications of biochar carriers.
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