Műtrágyázás hatása a kölesre (Panicum miliaceum L.) karbonátos homoktalajon | Effect of fertilisation on millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) on calcareous sandy soil
2009
Kádár, Imre
Summary We examined the effect of treatments on the development, yield, element composition of millet, as well as the change of AL-soluble PK content of soil in 1997, the 27th year of the long-term NPK fertilisation experiment established on calcareous sandy soil in the Danube-Tisza mid-region on our experiment site in Őrbottyán. The soil of the production site is weakly supplied with the main nutrients (NPK), the ploughed layer contains about 1% of CaCO ₃ and humus. The soil under the ploughed layer is strongly calcareous. The clay content in the soil profile is between 5–10%. The soil water is at a depth of 8–10 m, the area is drought-sensitive. Fertilisers applied in the form of calcium ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium salt. Half of N is applied in the autumn and the other half in the spring, whereas PK fertilisers are spread before ploughing. The main conclusions which can be drawn fom the experiment are as follows: 1. No considerable yield surpluses were obtained above N doses of 80 kg ha ⁻¹ year ⁻¹, AL-K ₂O supply around 120 mg kg ⁻¹ and 200 mg kg ⁻¹ AL-P ₂O ₅. The grain and straw yields of control plots were doubled by NP fertilisation. The straw mass further increased (3–3.5 times its previous value) as a result of supplementary K fertilisation. 2. NP fertilisation increased the uptake of N, P, Mg, Ca and Mn, whereas it hindered the uptake of Zn into the straw tissues. Parallel with the increasing K supply, the percentage of K increased, whereas the uptake of the antagonist Ca and Mg dropped. The responses of treatments were less pronounced in grain yield. NP fertilisation increased the concentration of N and Mn and the uptake of Zn was hindered as a result of P-Zn antagonism. N, P and Zn accumulated mainly in the grain, whereas the other seven examined elements were detected in higher quantities in the straw. 3. The so-called specific element content of 1 t grain and its associated yield components was equal to 50 kg N, 51 kg K (61 kg K ₂O), 15 kg Ca (21 kg CaO), 10 kg Mg (17 kg MgO) and 8 kg P (18 kg P ₂O ₅) within experimental conditions. This reflects the uptake of 50% more P, 70% more N and Mg, 200% more K and 260% more Ca, compared to the Hungarian technical advisory guide numbers obtained concerning the same cultivar on chernozem soil in a favourable crop year. Nevertheless, the specific values reflecting luxurious uptake which were gained within extreme conditions and in the case of low yield cannot provide guidance in the calculation of the element need of the planned yield.
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