How Does Cyphenothrin Affect the Freshwater Mussel as In Vitro and In Vivo Models?
2022
Cyphenothrin, one of the synthetic pyrethroids, developed as an alternative to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. It is used in veterinary medicine and household application against insects. Due to the contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, non-target aquatic organisms are affected. The current study aimed to evaluate the cyphenothrin effects on in vitro and in vivo models of freshwater mussels Unio delicatus Lea, 1863. While antioxidant enzyme (glutathione) was measured in both models, the total hemocyte counts were only detected in vivo models after exposure to cyphenothrin (1 and 10 μg/L) for 24-h and 48-h exposure times. A decrease in total hemocyte count occurred depending on the dose and duration (p < 0.001). In both in vitro and in vivo models of gill and digestive gland tissues, higher glutathione levels were obtained at a dose of 10 μg/L compared to the control groups in both exposure times (p < 0.001). The results of the study suggest that the antioxidant parameters could represent biomarkers to evaluate the effects of pollutants on in vitro and in vivo models of freshwater mussels.
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