Dealing with reservoir eutrophication in a trans-boundary river
2019
Article 21 of the United Nation 1997 Convention is related to the protection of water resource quality in non-navigable border rivers. Based on this article, the countries located in the border catchment are prohibited from the actions which contaminate the water sources and jeopardize the health of residents. Further, upon the request of one of the beneficiaries, a common standard, integrated monitoring program and planning to reduce non-point and point pollution sources should be developed. In spite of this law, experience has shown that the management of pollution sources, especially non-point resources in border basins, would be very complicated and time-consuming. Selective withdrawal and discharge of contaminated water from lower level of the dam are regarded as one of the effective ways to optimize the eutrophication condition of dam reservoirs in downstream of border basins. The present study aimed to develop an optimization model to improve reservoir water quality and protect water quality of downstream. This method was employed in Dousti dam located on the river of Harirud. Salma dam construction and agricultural development in Afghanistan strengthen the eutrophication condition of the Dousti dam reservoir. The results showed that reservoir conditions in the status quo were Mesotrophic, which convert to the acute conditions of Eutrophic due to the upstream development. In the case of discharging a percentage of downstream need from the reservoir bottom outlet, based on the results of the optimization model, about 30% of the dissolved oxygen is improved.
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