Characterization of two Peruvian maize landraces differing in boron toxicity tolerance
2022
Mamani-Huarcaya, Betty M. | González-Fontes, Agustín | Navarro-Gochicoa, M Teresa | Camacho-Cristóbal, Juan J. | Ceacero, Carlos J. | Herrera-Rodríguez, M Begoña | Cutire, Óscar Fernández | Rexach, Jesús
Boron (B) toxicity is a major agricultural problem that causes a considerable decrease in crop yield and quality. The soil in arid and semi-arid areas is often subjected to excessive B content. Southwestern Perú (department of Tacna) is characterized by high B levels in its agricultural land and irrigation water. This work analyzes the response of two local maize (Zea mays) landraces (Pachía and Sama) from Tacna to B toxicity. Both landraces were, therefore, grown in hydroponic media under control and B toxicity conditions, and after 10 days, seedlings were harvested and B content, B-transporter gene expressions, and several morphological and physiological parameters were determined. The leaf and root soluble B content was lower in Sama than in Pachía when both landraces were subjected to high B concentrations, which could be explained by its higher expression levels of B-efflux transporters. The capacity of Sama to maintain reduced levels of soluble B in its leaves and roots led to decreased leaf damage and higher photosynthetic and growth parameters under B toxicity conditions. These results support the proposal that Sama would perform better than Pachía under excessive B conditions, thus making it a more suitable landrace to be used in soils with toxic levels of B.
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