Application of numerical models to assess multi-source saltwater intrusion under natural and pumping conditions in the Great Maputo aquifer, Mozambique

Casillas-Trasvina, Alberto; Zhou, Yangxiao; Stigter, Tibor Y.; Mussáa, F. E. F.; Juízo, D.

Application of numerical models to assess multi-source saltwater intrusion under natural and pumping conditions in the Great Maputo aquifer, Mozambique | Application de modèles numériques pour déterminer les sources multiples d’intrusion saline en conditions naturelle et de pompage dans l’aquifère du Grand Maputo, Mozambique Aplicación de modelos numéricos para evaluar la intrusión de agua salada de múltiples fuentes en condiciones naturales y de bombeo en el Gran Acuífero de Maputo, Mozambique 数值模型在莫桑比克马普托大含水层天然和抽水条件下多源盐水入侵评估中的应用 Aplicação de modelos numéricos para avaliar a intrusão de água salgada de várias fontes em condições naturais e de bombeamento no aquífero Grande Maputo, Moçambique

2019

Casillas-Trasvina, Alberto | Zhou, Yangxiao | Stigter, Tibor Y. | Mussáa, F. E. F. | Juízo, D.

Regional three-dimensional groundwater-flow and saltwater transport models were built to analyse saltwater intrusion in the Great Maputo area, southern Mozambique. Increased water demand has led to many private groundwater abstractions, as the local public water supply network has already reached maximum capacity. Pushing for new strategies to tackle the water-supply shortages exposes the aquifer system to saltwater intrusion from entrapped fossil saline groundwater and seawater. Previous attempts at modelling have been frustrated by data limitations. This study compiled all the available data to build the models, which were subsequently calibrated with observed heads, discharges and salt concentrations. The transport models were used to test hypotheses of potential sources of saltwater resulting in the current salinity distribution. Furthermore, scenarios were simulated to assess the impacts of sea-level rise and projected groundwater abstractions. Results show that saline groundwater is widely distributed in the aquifer’s western sector, where it is a limiting factor for groundwater development, and seawater intrusion is a risk along the coastline. Newly constructed wells (46) along the Infulene River can be operated with some impacts of saltwater upconing and must be closely monitored. Although current groundwater abstractions (60,340 m³/day) are still small compared with groundwater recharge (980,823 m³/day), larger volumes of abstraction are feasible only when using a high number of production wells further away from the city with relatively low yields to avoid saltwater upconing. Capture of fresh groundwater upstream of discharge areas by wells for water supply is possible while maintaining groundwater discharges for groundwater dependent ecosystems.

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