A nitrogén, réz és molibdén kezelések hatása a tritikáléra | Effect of nitrogen, copper and molybdenum treatments on triticale
2016
Kádár, Imre
Interactions between the elements N, Cu and Mo were analysed in triticale in 1992 in field experiments set up on chernozem loam soil with lime deposits. The ploughed layer of the soil contained 3% humus, around 5% CaCO ₃ and around 20% clay. Soil analysis showed that the area was well supplied with Ca, Mg, K and Mn had satisfactory Cu content, but was only poorly or moderately supplied with P and Zn. The groundwater depth was 13 ⁻¹5 m and the area was prone to drought. The experiment was originally set up in a split-plot design with 4N × 3Cu = 12 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 36 plots. The N rates, applied as calcium ammonium nitrate, were 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg·ha ⁻¹ and the Cu rates, in the form of CuSO ₄, were 0, 50 and 100 kg·ha ⁻¹. In the 5 ᵗʰ year of the experiment the 15 m plots were divided and the two half-plots were separated by a 1 m path. The experiment thus became a strip-split-plot design, consisting of 4N × 3Cu × 2Mo = 24 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 72 plots. The 48 kg·ha ⁻¹ Mo was applied in the form of (NH ₄) ₆Mo ₇O ₂₄ x 4H ₂O. The main results were as follows: — During the 9-month growing season there was 379 mm rain, representing moderate rainfall supplies for triticale. An annual N rate of 100 kg·ha ⁻¹ increased the grain yield from 4.1 t·ha ⁻¹ to 5.7 t·ha ⁻¹, but neither higher N rates nor Cu or Mo fertilisation had any further effect. — For the purposes of leaf analysis, the optimum element contents recommended by BERGMANN (1992) for winter wheat could be suitable for estimating the nutritional status of triticale, based on the composition of the shoots at the end of tillering: 2.3–3.8% N, 3.3—4.5% K, 0.35 ⁻¹.00% Ca, 0.25–0.50% P and 0.10–0.23% Mg. — Plentiful N supplies led to a steep rise in the concentration of the elements N, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, Mn, Ba, Sr, B and Pb in the straw at harvest. In the case of the grain yield, the incorporation of N, S, Ca and Mn was significantly enhanced by N fertilisation. — In response to N × Cu treatments the N content of the shoots and straw was doubled. On Mo-fertilised soil the Mo concentration increased by three orders of magnitude in the straw and two in the grain. As the N rate increased the quantity of Mo incorporated rose by a further 50%. — Around 177 kg N, 84 kg K, 27 kg Ca, 24 kg P, 16 kg S and 11 kg Mg was incorporated into the 11 t·ha ⁻¹ air-dry aboveground biomass. The specific nutrient content associated with 1 t grain + associated by-products averaged 34 kg N, 19 kg K ₂O, 10 ⁻¹1 kg P ₂O ₅, 7 kg CaO and 3—4 kg MgO. These data could serve as guidelines for fertilisation advisory services in calculating the nutrient requirements of the planned triticale yield.
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