Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of chamomile essential oil and its analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
1994
Reverchon, E. | Senatore, F.
The essential oil of chamomile flowerheads was extracted by supercritical CO2, producing the fractional separation of the extract to enhance the process selectivity. The extract fractions were analyzed by GC-MS and SFC to assess the presence of undesirable compounds and to obtain the detailed oil composition. The best oil was obtained by extracting at p = 90 bar and T = 40 degrees C and fractionating the product in two separators in series operating at p = 90 bar, T = 0 degrees C, and p = 30 bar, T = -5 degrees C, respectively. All undesired compounds were precipitated in the first separator. The oil did not suffer thermal degradation: matricine was not converted to chamazulene. The other chamomile oil characteristic compounds (bisabolol oxides, alpha-bisabolol, and bisabolone oxide) contributed more than 75% and dicycloethers contributed about 13% to the oil composition. Organoleptic analysis confirmed the high quality of the product.
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