Nanostructure Selectivity for Molecular Adsorption and Separation: the Case of Graphyne Layers

Graphynes are porous derivatives of graphene that can be considered as ideal 2D nanofilters. Here, we investigate by theoretical methods graphtriyne multilayers, proposing them as membranes featuring pores of subnanometer size suitable for CO₂/N₂ separation and CO₂ uptake. The potential energy surfaces, representing the intermolecular interactions within the CO₂/N₂ gaseous mixtures and between the graphtriyne layers and the molecules, have been formulated in an internally consistent way, by adopting potential models far more accurate than the traditional Lennard-Jones functions, routinely used to predict static and dynamical properties of matter. The new force fields so obtained and tested on accurate ab initio calculations have been used to perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of membrane selectivity and adsorption. The accuracy of the potentials granted a quantitative description of the interactions and realistic results for the dynamics under a wide range of conditions of applied interest, indicating a single-layer permeation ratio CO₂/N₂ of 4.25 (meaning that permeations of CO₂ are typically 4.25 times those of N₂). At low pressure, graphtriyne bilayer membranes exhibit good performances as a molecular sieving candidate for postcombustion CO₂ separation because of a high permeance and a relatively good selectivity. On the other hand, graphtriyne trilayer membranes present a relatively high interlayer adsorption selectivity and a high CO₂ uptake. Such properties make these graphyne nanostructures versatile materials competitive with other carbon-based adsorbing membranes suitable to cope with post-combustion CO₂ emissions. Moreover, guidelines for the extension of the proposed methodology to carbon nanostructures and other gaseous mixtures of relevance for atmosphere and combustion are also provided.