Fuel cell based Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for off-grid Telecom Stations: Data Analysis and System Optimization
2019
Bartolucci, L. | Cordiner, S. | Mulone, V. | Pasquale, S.
The previous works on the use of PEM Fuel Cell based power supply system for the operation of off-grid RBS (Radio Base Stations) sites showed a strong influence of system design parameters on the energy conversion performance.In this paper a perturbation of system design is studied with validated models to understand the variability of performance over a full year operation. Moreover, a multi-objective optimal sizing methodology is proposed as the minimization of a functional parameter taking into account costs, RES (Renewable Energy Sources) exploitation and pollutant emission factors. The influence of different weather conditions on the HRES (Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems) performance is analyzed investigating the system behavior for three different locations in Europe.The analysis of three real case studies showed that a 20% ratio of the energy produced by fossil fuels over the energy produced by renewables sources can be obtained slightly increasing the photovoltaic plant size without affecting the renewable exploitation. Moreover, a lower LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Energy) can be achieved increasing the PV (PhotoVoltaic) size and reducing battery size giving a steep reduction of RES exploitation. Results for different sites highlighted the presence of different optimal sizing for each site, nevertheless similar performance can be achieved in the different case studies for Tilos, Rome and Brighton with an average LCOE of 0.5 €/kWh with a variability in the order of 0.1€/kWh.
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