Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes in urban aquifers
2022
Junaid, Muhammad | Zainab, Syeda Maria | Xu, Nan | Sadaf, Mamona | Malik, Riffat Naseem | Wang, Jun
The prevalence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in groundwater has piqued attention in recent years, owing to their potential public health risks. Antibiotic resistome, including ARGs and antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), can be transferred to urban aquifers through several pathways such as discharges from hospitals, aquaculture farms, livestock farms, domestic sewerage, wastewater treatment plants, and landfill leachate. The current review explores comprehensive information about the occurrence and sources of frequently reported antibiotics and related resistance genes in global groundwater resources, mainly located in urban areas. Besides, nexus among antibiotics’ production, groundwater occurrence, and associated ARGs is highlighted as a case study for tetracycline antibiotics. Further, the transfer and dissemination mechanisms of ARGs and potential health impacts of antibiotic resistance development are also elucidated. Furthermore, existing research gaps and prospects for further areas of research on antibiotics and ARGs in urban aquifers are also addressed.
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