A Comprehensive Review on Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane and Its Applicability Towards the Removal of Contaminants from the Aquatic Streams
2022
Raval, Akash R. | Kohli, Himanshu P. | Mahadwad, Omprakash K.
Industrialization and the rise in population have led to the larger utilization of resources which has become the supreme risk for the environment. Different types of pollutants enter the aquatic environment from various sources which create a threat for the aquatic organisms and humans. Many separation techniques like precipitation, adsorption, reactive distillation, ion exchange, electro dialysis, solvent extraction, and ultrafiltration are available, but these techniques have various limitations like the use of excessive and expensive chemicals, high energy requirement, sludge formation, requirement of utilities in large amount and so. The green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) is an emerging and promising method that incorporates the traits of ELM for the removal of various pollutants, metal ions, acids, and so on. In the present scenario, much focus has been diverted towards the use of green solvents derived from vegetable and plant origin. These solvents are environmentally friendly and economically viable making the ELM process more reliable. The traditionally used petroleum-based solvents for ELM formation are expensive, toxic, volatile in nature, and are detrimental to the environment. The present study tries to address the recent advancement in the field of GELM. The different factors like concentration of surfactant, carrier, types of diluents, effect of volume ratio of external feed phase to emulsion, agitation speed, effect of internal aqueous phase concentration, and emulsification time play a substantial role in the removal of several pollutants from the aqueous streams through GELM have been discussed in detail. The statistical analysis of the operating variables as executed by different investigators is also mentioned.
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