A framework for valuing ecological services of irrigation water: a case of an irrigation-wetland system in Sri Lanka
2001
Bakker, M. | Matsuno, Y.
In many countries, irrigation water is used for several purposes other than irrigating field crops. In Sri Lanka, irrigation water from canals, wells, and reservoirs is used for domestic purposes, industry, livestock, and fisheries, and it also contributes to sustain the environment. However, policy makers and water managers in irrigation systems only take into account water used for irrigating the field crops and sometimes water used for domestic purposes. Owing to the failure to recognize the different uses and users of water, the water in irrigation systems has been undervalued. This paper presents the environmental impact of irrigation and a framework for valuing water for its multiple and often competing uses, especially focusing on water uses for ecological services, in this case wetlands. The south coastal area of Sri Lanka was selected as a site for a case study, including 2,610 ha of irrigated area and a downstream wetland area of 2,250 ha which has five lagoons. This wetland area combines coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems in a tropical environment in which distinct plant and animal species coexist in a delicate balance. All users of water and other resources, and their environmental problems were identified. This paper discusses the policy and management implications of valuing water for competing uses.
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