Physiological and molecular responses of resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars to Fusarium graminearum mycotoxin extract
2017
Sorahinobar, Mona | Soltanloo, Hassan | Niknam, Vahid | Ebrahimzadeh, Hassan | Moradi, Babak | Safaie, Naser | Behmanesh, Mehrdad | Bahram, Mohammad
Fusarium graminearum, causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), is one of the most important diseases on cereals worldwide leading to a reduction in both grain yield and quality. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in wheat resistance against F. graminearum mycotoxins. Crude culture extract of F. graminearum was used to determine the physiological and molecular responses of wheat cultivars ‘Falat’ and ‘Sumai3‘, susceptible and resistant to FHB, respectively. Point inoculation of crude extract in the wheat spikelets resulted in significant increases in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in both cultivars, most likely due to oxidative stress. A greater induction level and activity of H₂O₂, MDA, peroxidase (POX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was observed in the resistant versus the susceptible cultivar. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR indicated earlier and greater induction of PAL, pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression in ‘Sumai3‘ compared with ‘Falat’. Responses associated with the resistant interaction in ‘Sumai3‘ were higher induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and POX and decreased activity of catalase, while decreased SOD activity was observed in ‘Falat’. Our data suggest that these responses could explain the higher degree of tolerance of ‘Sumai3‘ against F. graminearum.
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