Evaluation of Salacia Species as Anti‐diabetic Natural Resources Based on Quantitative Analysis of Eight Sulphonium Constituents: A New Class of α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors
2014
Akaki, Junji | Morikawa, Toshio | Miyake, Sohachiro | Ninomiya, Kiyofumi | Okada, Mayumi | Tanabe, Genzoh | Pongpiriyadacha, Yutana | Yoshikawa, Masayuki | Muraoka, Osamu
INTRODUCTION: Stems and roots of Salacia genus plants have been used in Ayurveda as a specific remedy for early stage diabetes. Previous investigations identified four sulphonium sulphates, that is, salacinol (1), kotalanol (3), ponkoranol (5) and salaprinol (7), as the compounds responsible for the anti‐diabetic activity. Their desulphonates (2, 4, 6 and 8) were also isolated as active constituents. Two separate quantitative analytical protocols, that is, for 1 and 3 and for 2 and 4, have been developed recently. OBJECTIVE: To: validate the two analytical protocols with respect to all eight sulphoniums; evaluate the quality of a variety of Salacia samples collected in different geographical regions, that is, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India; and determine their distribution in each part of the plant, that is, stems/roots, leaves and fruits. METHODS: Analyses of four sulphonium sulphates in 32 Salacia extracts were carried out on an Asahipak NH2P‐50 column, and those of the corresponding desulphonates were conducted on an Inertsil ODS‐3 column. RESULTS: Neokotalanol (4) was the major constituent in Salacia samples from Thailand, whereas 1 was the primary constituent in extracts of the stems/roots of plants from Sri Lanka and India. These sulphoniums were only present in trace amounts in leaves and fruits of the plants. CONCLUSION: Two analytical protocols were successfully applied to analyse 32 Salacia samples, and revealed that sulphoniums (1–8) had characteristic distributions due to the plant part and/or due to geographical region.
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