Extremozymes used in textile industry
2022
Kakkar, Priyanka | Wadhwa, Neeraj
Extremophiles are microorganisms that are able to live in extreme conditions like temperature, salt, pressure, lack of nutrition, alkalinity or acidity. Based on these parameters they are classified as thermophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, etc. These microorganisms are able to thrive in harsh environment due to presence of special enzymes called extremozymes and these enzymes have found importance in various biotechnological as well as industrial applications. Cellulase is the third largest industrial enzyme as it can degrade cellulose the common natural polymer. They are also involved in the conversion of lignocellulose into glucose units which are further used in the production of bioethanol, biostoning of denim, biopolishing, increasing softness and lustre of textile fibers. Extremophiles like Pseudo alteromonas sp. DY3, Thermus thermophilus HB8, Roseithermus sacchariphilus Strain RA, Alkali bacillus sp. NM-Da2 are producers of cellulase, amylase, xylanase, protease respectively. Enzymes in general have found application in various industries like food, pharmaceuticals, textile, detergent, beverages, paper, and leather. The enzymes that find application in textile is for the purpose of hydrolysing fats, removal of lubricants, thereby increasing the absorbancy and level of dyeing by pigment, reducing cracks and desizing of denim, bioscouring, removal of starch, bleach textile. Protein engineering and other technologies can be used to improve the extremozyme production and for heterologous expression of protein in mesophilic host. Use of extremozymes in industry is beneficial as they are non-toxic, eco-friendly and can work in varied environment conditions.
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