Parasitoid complexes (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) of leafminers of the genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the Middle Volga Basin
2009
Yefremova, Z. A. | Krayushkina, A. V. | Mishchenko, A. V.
The parasitoid complexes of 22 species of the genus Phyllonorycter reared from 20 host plants were studied in the Middle Volga Basin. From a total of 124 host-parasitoid associations analyzed, 88 had been previously unknown. Minotetrastichus frontalis, Sympiesis sericeicornis, Pnigalio soemius, Closterocerus formosus, and S. gordius were the most frequent species. The highest percentage of parasitoids reared was observed in Ph. ulmifoliella (58.6%) and Ph. sylvella (54%), and the lowest one, in Ph. salictella (15%). Ph. corylifoliella (95.7%), Ph. populifoiella (95.5%) and Ph. insignitella (95.5%) had the highest mortality due to parasitoids. The number of endoparasitoid species prevailed over that of ectoparasitoids in the parasitoid complexes of the genus Phyllonorycter, but the number of individuals reared was 4 times greater for ectoparasitoids. The parasitoid complexes were the most similar in Ph. harrisella and Ph. quercifoliella on Quercus robur. The gregarious ectoparasitoid M. frontalis predominated over parasitoids of Phyllonorycter.
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