Interactive Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Nutrition on Cotton Growth, Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality
2004
Reddy, K Raja | Koti, Sailaja | Davidonis, Gayle H. | Reddy, Vangimalla Ramakrishna
The consequences of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO₂]) and N nutrition on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, yield, and fiber quality were determined. Cotton cultivar NuCOTN 33B was grown in sunlit controlled environment chambers at three levels of [CO₂] (180, 360, and 720 μmol mol⁻¹) and two levels of N [continuous N throughout the plant growth period (N+) and N withheld from flowering to harvest (N−)]. Leaf N concentration decreased with increasing [CO₂] under both N treatments. These low leaf N concentrations did not decrease the effect of elevated [CO₂] in producing higher lint yields at both N treatments, the response being highest for plants grown at elevated [CO₂] and N+ conditions. Fiber quality was not significantly affected by [CO₂], but the leaf N concentrations, which varied with [CO₂], had either a positive or a negative influence on most of the fiber quality parameters. Leaf N during boll maturation period had significant positive correlations with mean fiber length (r ² = 0.63), fine fiber fraction (r ² = 0.67), and immature fiber fraction (r ² = 0.65) and negative correlations with mean fiber diameter (r ² = 0.61), short fiber content (r ² = 0.50), fiber cross-sectional area (r² = 0.76), average circularity (r ² = 0.74), and micronafis (r ² = 0.65). It is inferred that future elevated [CO₂] will not have any deleterious effects on fiber quality and yield if N is optimum. The developed algorithms, if incorporated into process-level crop model, will be useful to optimize cotton production and fiber quality.
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