The effect of climate on ornamental traits of chamomile
2019
Akbarzadeh, M. | Hadian, J. | Mahmoodi Sourestani, M. | Taheri, S. S.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, and belongs to the family Asteraceae. It has been used in several pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Nowadays, the introduction of new ornamental plants plays a vital role in floriculture. Because of its numerous interesting characteristics, chamomile can be introduced as an ornamental plant. Environmental effects should be estimated in new cultivars and wild populations. Therefore, we compared eight cultivars and three accessions, from Germany (‘Bodegold’, ‘Goral’, ‘Zolty Lan’, ‘Kamile kultureform’), Italy (‘Italian’), Hungary (‘Hungarian’), and Iran (cultivar ‘Zardband’ and accessions Kazeroon, Khuzestan, and Bushehr). All entries were cultivated in two locations with different climates (tropical and temperate zone). Morphological characteristics were evaluated during the flowering period. Plant height, stem number, receptacle diameter, number and diameter of ray florets were affected by the environmental conditions. The average height of chamomile plants was 42.4 cm under tropical conditions compared with 35.6 cm under temperate conditions. Flower diameter (17.3 mm), number of ray florets (16.6), and length of ray florets (11.0 mm) were higher in the tropical zone than in the temperate climate, but diameters of ray florets (2.28 mm) were greater under temperate climate conditions. According to flower diameter data in temperate (18.0 mm) and tropical (19.9 mm) climates, ‘Bodegold’ from Teekanne Company was the best. Because of its water-efficiency requirement, easy reproduction and high soil salinity tolerance, chamomile could be introduced as an ornamental plant under inappropriate environmental conditions.
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