Bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify β-glucuronidase inhibitors in Nymphaea pubescens flower extract
2016
Acharya, Jayashree | De, Bratati | Yildiz, Fatih
The plant Nymphaea pubescens Willd. (Family: Nymphaeaceae) is edible having medicinal importance. The objective of the study was to analyze the potential hepatoprotective properties of the flowers and pedicels of N. pubescens by inhibiting the enzyme β-glucuronidase. Crude methanol extracts of flower and pedicel as well as chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the flower extract were tested for their activities against the enzyme in vitro. The extracts and the fractions were analyzed by GC–MS to identify metabolites present in them. Flower (IC₅₀ value = 270.27 ± 4.67 μg/ml) and pedicel (IC₅₀ value = 868.46 ± 28.21 μg/ml) extracts have shown to inhibit the β-glucuronidase activity. Chloroform (IC₅₀ value = 147.16 ± 6.68 μg/ml), ethyl acetate (IC₅₀ value = 183.94 ± 2.37 μg/ml), and aqueous (IC₅₀ value = 339.43 ± 5.34 μg/ml) fractions showed significantly stronger activity than that of silymarin (IC₅₀ value = 792.62 ± 10.01 μg/ml), the known inhibitor of the enzyme. GC–MS-based analysis of the flower extract and solvent fractions led to the identification of kaempferol having 79-fold stronger activity than that of silymarin, IC₅₀ value of kaempferol being 10.44 ± 0.084 μg/ml or 0.0037 mM ± 0.0001.
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