Agro-industrial wastewater in a circular economy: Characteristics, impacts and applications for bioenergy and biochemicals
2021
Martinez-Burgos, Walter José | Bittencourt Sydney, Eduardo | Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros, Adriane | Magalhães, Antonio Irineudo | Carvalho, Júlio César de | Karp, Susan Grace | Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Luciana | Junior Letti, Luiz Alberto | Thomaz-Soccol, Vanete | de Melo Pereira, Gilberto Vinícius | Rodrigues, Cristine | Lorenci Woiciechowski, Adenise | Soccol, Carlos Ricardo
The generation of agroindustrial byproducts is rising fast worldwide. The slaughter of animals, the production of bioethanol, and the processing of oil palm, cassava, and milk are industrial activities that, in 2019, generated huge amounts of wastewaters, around 2448, 1650, 256, 85, and 0.143 billion liters, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to reduce the environmental impact of these effluents through new integrated processes applying biorefinery and circular economy concepts to produce energy or new products. This review provides the characteristics of some of the most important agro-industrial wastes, including their physicochemical composition, worldwide average production, and possible environmental impacts. In addition, some alternatives for reusing these materials are addressed, focusing mainly on energy savings and the possibilities of generating value-added products. Finally, this review considers recent research and technological innovations and perspectives for the future.
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