New insights on the Chagas disease main vector Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae, Triatominae) brought by the genetic analysis of Bolivian sylvatic populations
2011
Waleckx, Etienne | Salas, Renata | Huamán, Nerida | Buitrago, Rosio | Bosseno, Marie-France | Aliaga, Claudia | Barnabé, Christian | Rodriguez, Roberto | Zoveda, Faustine | Monje, Marcelo | Baune, Marianne | Quisberth, Sergio | Villena, Erick | Kengne, Pierre | Noireau, François | Brenière, Simone Frédérique
Triatoma infestans is the main and most widespread vector of Chagas disease in South America. For the first time, a large sample of sylvatic populations of T. infestans was analyzed by ITS-2 and mtCytB sequencing. ITS-2 showed a low level of polymorphism but revealed a dichotomy between the Andean and non-Andean sylvatic populations. On the contrary, mtCytB sequences showed a high polymorphism (19 haplotypes determined by 35 variable sites) revealing a strong structuring between most of the sylvatic populations and possible ancient isolation and bottleneck in the Northern Andes. The dichotomy Andean vs. non-Andean populations was not observed with this marker. Moreover, mtCytB haplotype genealogies showed that the non-Andean haplotypes would have derived from the Andean ones, supporting somewhat an Andean origin of the species. Nevertheless, a non-Andean origin could not be discarded because a remarkable genetic diversity was found in the non-Andean sample. The comparison of the sylvatic haplotypes with the domestic ones from GenBank suggested multiple events of T. infestans domestication in Andean and non-Andean areas, instead of a major and unique domestication event in the Bolivian Andes, as previously proposed.
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