Evaluation of the cardiac and skeletal muscle of the dystropin-deficient dog using nuclear magnetic resonance | Evaluation of the cardiac and skeletal muscle of the dystropin-deficient dog using nuclear magnetic resonance
2011
Thibaud, J.-L. | Wary, C. | Barthélémy, I. | Blot, S. | Carlier, P.-G.
Nuclear magnetic resonance is increasingly used as a non-invasive tool in muscle evaluation. The increased number of preclinical trials using dystrophin deficient dog model has prompt researchers to develop quantitative and non-invasive tools that can be integrated in a multidisciplinary evaluation program. Several quantitative indices calculated from hydrogen magnetic resonance imaging are significantly different between healthy dogs and dystrophin-deficient ones. These indices quantify not only abnormal signal intensities but also abnormal signal heterogeneities. This tool allows a lesional evaluation adapted to each muscle. 31P spectroscopy provides functional informations about the energetic metabolism thanks to inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio or phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate ratio. Membrane metabolism is also evaluated via the percentage of phosphodiesters, which is increased in dystrophin-deficient dogs. The ability of muscle fiber to maintain its homeostasis is evaluated by the pH measurement deduced from the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate pools. At least, cardiac magnetic resonance provides a total or focal quantitative evaluation of both the lesions and function of the heart. Using magnetic resonance imaging, preliminary studies demonstrated dyssynchrony, in diastole almost, of the free wall of the left ventricule before any signs of heart failure.
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