Seven Persea americana varieties essential oils comparison: Chemical composition, toxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities
2022
Nasri, Chaimae | Halabi, Yasmina | Aghzaf, Sonia | Nounah, Issmail | Brunel, Marion | Oubihi, Asmaa | El-Guorrami, Otman | Harhar, Hicham | Costa, Jean | Tabyaoui, Mohamed
The present study aims at comparing the chemical composition of seven varieties of Persea americana leaves essential oils and at evaluating some of its activities such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity. The results showed strong variations in the volatile compounds present in some of the studied oils from these varieties. Estragol was the major component of Ettinger (30.04%) and Fuerte (36.74%) leaf essential oils and is absent from four varieties. Regarding the EO of Hass, Bacon and Maluma Hass, the 2-(8Z,11Z)-8,11-heptadecadienyl-furan was the main volatile compound (67,37%, 43.61% and 59.9% respectively) while Caryophyllene was the main substance in the leaf EO of Reed (36.61%) and Zutano (17.68%) varieties. Concerning the acute toxicity test of these essential oils, the results obtained showed that the lethal dose (LD50) is higher than 2000 mg/kg for EO of Maluma Hass, Reed and Ettinger varieties, whereas it is greater than 300 mg/kg for those of Zutano, Bacon, Hass and Fuerte. The study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities revealed promising values against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus) and an encouraging antioxidant power. Based on these results, it appears that avocado leaf essential oils are in fact a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals for medical and cosmetic use, and could also be considered as the first report on Persea americana grown in Morocco.
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