An estimate of the number of tropical tree species
2015
Slik, J. W Ferry | Arroyo-Rodrííguez, Víctor | Aiba, Shin-Ichiro | Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia | Alves, Luciana F. | Ashton, Peter | Balvanera, Patricia | Bastian, Meredith L. | Bellingham, Peter J. | van den Berg, Eduardo | Bernacci, Luis | da Conceicííão Bispo, Polyanna | Blanc, Lilian | Bííãöhning-Gaese, Katrin | Boeckx, Pascal | Bongers, Frans | Boyle, Brad | Bradford, Matt | Brearley, Francis Q. | Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille | Sarāyut Bunyawētchīwin, | Calderado Leal Matos, Darley | Castillo-Santiago, Miguel | Catharino, Eduardo L. M. | Chai, Shauna-Lee | Chen, Yukai | Colwell, Robert K. | Robin, Chazdon L. | Clark, Connie | Clark, David B. | Clark, Deborah A. | Culmsee, Heike | Damas, Kipiro | Dattaraja, Handanakere S. | Dauby, Gilles | Davidar, Priya | DeWalt, Saara J. | Doucet, Jean-Louis | Duque, Alvaro | Durigan, Giselda | Eichhorn, Karl A. O. | Eisenlohr, Pedro V. | Eler, Eduardo | Ewango, Corneille | Farwig, Nina | Feeley, Kenneth J. | Ferreira, Leandro | Field, Richard | de Oliveira Filho, Ary T. | Fletcher, Christine | Forshed, Olle | Franco, Geraldo | Fredriksson, Gabriella | Gillespie, Thomas | Gillet, Jean-Francois | Amarnath, Giriraj | Griffith, Daniel M. | Grogan, James | Gunatilleke, Nimal | Harris, David | Harrison, Rhett | Hector, Andy | Homeier, Jííãöürgen | Imai, Nobuo | Itoh, Akira | Jansen, Patrick A. | Joly, Carlos A. | de Jong, Bernardus H. J. | Kartawinata, Kuswata | Kearsley, Elizabeth | Kelly, Daniel L. | Kenfack, David | Kessler, Michael | Kitayama, Kanehiro | Kooyman, Robert | Larney, Eileen | Laumonier, Yves | Laurance, Susan | Laurance, William F. | Lawes, Michael J. | Amaral, Iêda Leão do | Letcher, Susan G. | Lindsell, Jeremy | Lu, Xinghui | Asyraf Mansor, | Marjokorpi, Antti | Martin, Emanuel H. | Meilby, Henrik | Melo, Felipe P. L. | Metcalfe, Daniel J. | Medjibe, Vincent P. | Metzger, Jean Paul | Millet, Jérôme | Mohandass, D. | Montero, Juan C. | de Morisson Valeriano, Mííãöüárcio | Mugerwa, Badru | Nagamasu, Hidetoshi | Nilus, Reuben | Ochoa Gaona, Susana | Onrizal, | Page, Navendu | Parolin, Pia | Parren, Marc | Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy | Paudel, Ekananda | Permana, Andrea | Piedade, Maria T. F. | Pitman, Nigel C. A. | Poorter, L. (Lourens) | Poulsen, Axel D. | Poulsen, John | Powers, Jennifer | Prasad, Rama C. | Puyravaud, J.-Ph. (Jean-Philippe) | Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude | Reitsma, Jan | dos Santos, Joííãöüáão Roberto | Roberto Spironello, Wilson | Romero-Saltos, Hugo | Rovero, Francesco | Rozak, Andes Hamuraby | Ruokolainen, Kalle | Rutishauser, Ervan | Saiter, Felipe | Saner, Philippe | Santos, Braulio A. | Santos, Fernanda | Sarker, Swapan K. | Satdichanh, Manichanh | Schmitt, Christine B. | Schííãöüáãöngart, Jochen | Schulze, Mark | Suganuma, Marcio S. | Sheil, Douglas | da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo | Sist, Plinio | Stévart, Tariq | Sukumar, R. (Raman) | Sun, I-Fang | Sunderand, Terry | Suresh, H. S. | Suzuki, Eizi | Tabarelli, Marcelo | Tang, Jangwei | Targhetta, Natííãöüáãöália | Theilade, Ida | Thomas, Duncan W. | Tchouto, Peguy | Hurtado, Johanna | Valencia, Renato | van Valkenburg, Johan L. C. H. | Van Do, Tran | Vásquez, Rodolfo | Verbeeck, Hans | Adekunle, Victor | Vieira, Simone A. | Webb, Campbell O. | Whitfeld, Timothy | Wich, Serge A. | Williams, John | Wittmann, Florian | Wííãöüáãöáöll, Hannsjoerg | Yang, Xiaobo | Adou Yao, C Yves | Yap, Sandra L. | Yoneda, Tsuyoshi | Zahawi, Rakan A. | Zakaria, Rahmad | Zang, Runguo | de Assis, Rafael L. | Garcia Luize, Bruno | Venticinque, Eduardo M.
The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.
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