Improving of oat cultivation technology under conditions of Kirov region

The data of 2016-2017 studies on effectiveness of different oat cultivation technologies including ways of basic and pre-sowing soil tilling and using of bio-preparations on sod-podzolic soils of Kirov region are provided. Ploughing and surface soil tillage, cultivation and tilling with combined soil-tillage sowing machine, as well as preparation on the basis of S. hygroscopicus A4 strain and Pseudobacterin-2 were studied in the experiment. Storage of productive moisture in soil layer of 0-20 cm was 25.2-29.5 mm before sowing; there were no differences in the ways of soil tilling. The density of 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.05-0.06 g/cm3 higher in variants with surface tillage. Application of combined aggregate APPN-2.1 provided “excellent” structure state of arable layer, the content of agronomical valuable particles was 82.284.4% at the soil structure coefficient equal to 4.7-5.5. Sowing dockage was significantly lower in variants of plowing (41.3 psc./m2, LSD05=2.8) than in surface tillage (44.5 psc./m2). In variants with use of Pseudobacterin-2 preparation the sowing dockage increased too up to 50.1 psc. /m2 (LSD05 = 7.2) as compared to the variants without preparations (38.1 psc./m2) and with the use of preparation on the base of S. hygroscopicus A4 strain (40.5 psc./m2). Up to 31.6% of oat plants were affected with root rot in variants without preparations; by application of preparations on the base of S. hygroscopicus strain A4 the affection decreased to 11.3%; by application of Pseudobacterin-2 preparation - to 10.5% (LSD05 = 3.9). The affection of oat plants with leaf rust was insignificant; the preparations significantly decreased this factor from 8.6 to 3.1-3.9% (LSD05 = 1.7). On the average, for two years of study the highest productivity was noted in the variant of ploughing with using the combined sowing unit APPN-2.1 by application of preparation on the base of S. hygroscopicus strain A4 (1 l/ha) - 3.92 t/ha that is 1.01 t/ha higher then control variant, ploughing with KPS-4 pre-sowing tilling without preparations. The level of total profitability of oat grain production was 136.1%, the factor of energy effectiveness was 3.05 (in control variant - 84.4% and 2.34 correspondingly).