Age-specific flight behavior in relation to body weight and lipid content of Ips calligraphus reared in slash pine bolts with thick or thin inner bark (phloem)
1986
Slansky, F. Jr | Haack, R.A.
Rearing larvae of Ips calligraphus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in bolts of typical slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, with ‘thin' (TN; 0.5-1.5 mm) phloem (inner bark) relative to adult beetle body width significantly reduced body weight and lipid content of emerging adults compared with ‘thick' (TK; 2.5-3.5 mm) phloem-reared adults. Unmated (pre-nuptial) TK beetles averaged 2-fold longer daily and lifetime flight duration than TN beetles. Daily flights were highly variable, averaging < 20 min (longest daily flight = 173 min). TK and TN beetles initiated flight, and the greatest number flew, on the first or second day after emergence from their rearing bolt % of beetles flying and survival gradually declined to zero by day 9. Males (both TK and TN) averaged 2.5 days of flight, ca. 1 day longer than females. Fliers lived ca. 2-fold longer than non-fliers. Among TK and TN fliers, significant but weak positive correlations occurred between body weight and lifetime flight duration. Poor correlation between lifetime flight duration and longevity suggests little physiological cost to flight, but effects on fecundity were not assessed. Flight by mated, egg-laying (post-nuptial) beetles was substantially delayed (peaking on day 6), suggesting degeneration and subsequent regeneration of flight muscles.
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