Magnetic Nanohybrid Decorated Porous Organic Polymer: Synergistic Catalyst for High Performance Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation
2017
Dhanalaxmi, Karnekanti | Singuru, Ramana | Mondal, Sujan | Bai, Linyi | Reddy, B. M. (Benjaram Mahipal) | Bhaumik, Asim | Mondal, John
Herein we have developed a highly active, robust, and selective porous organic polymer (PPTPA-1, POP) encapsulated magnetically retrievable Pd-Fe₃O₄ nanohybrid catalyst in a one-step solvothermal route and investigated its catalytic performance in levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation, a key platform molecule in many biorefinery schemes, to γ-valerolactone (GVL), employing formic acid as sustainable H₂ source. The specific textural and chemical characteristics of as-synthesized nanohybrid materials were identified by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, ¹³C CP MAS NMR, HR-TEM, and FE-SEM with the corresponding elemental mapping and nitrogen physisorption studies. It was found that the nanohybrid Pd-Fe₃O₄/PPTPA-1 catalyst exhibited a substantially enhanced activity in comparison with the monometallic catalysts (Pd/PPTPA-1 and Fe₃O₄/PPTPA-1). Evidence of the electronic interaction between Pd and Fe attributable to the intrinsic hybrid synergistic effect is thought to be responsible for this superior catalytic performance and improvement in catalyst stability. The recycling experiments revealed that the magnetic nanohybrid catalyst sustained remarkable recycling efficiency and magnetism after being used in 10 successive catalytic runs, which made Pd-Fe₃O₄/PPTPA-1 a potential catalyst for the production of GVL in industry.
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