Turning commercial MnO2 (≥85 wt%) into high-crystallized K+-doped LiMn2O4 cathode with superior structural stability by a low-temperature molten salt method
2022
Ma, Junfei | Long, Bei | Zhang, Qing | Qian, Yuzhu | Song, Ting | He, Wenyuan | Xiao, Manjun | Liu, Li | Wang, Xianyou | Tong, Yexiang
The obtainment of low-cost, easily prepared and high-powered LiMn₂O₄ is the key to achieve its wide application in various electronic devices. In this work, a mild and easily scaled molten salt method (KCl@LiCl) is utilized to convert commercial MnO₂ to the high-performance LiMn₂O₄. At the same reaction temperature, the molten salt method leads to the formation of K⁺-doped LiMn₂O₄ with higher crystallinity compared to the conventional solid state method, which contributes to the improved inner charge transfer. The Li₃PO₄ protective layer is coated on the surface of K⁺-doped LiMn₂O₄ to elevate the interfacial stability and the Li⁺ transfer on interface. Thus, the optimized electrode shows a higher specific discharge capacity (103/60 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.02/2 A g⁻¹) and a longer cyclic life (80 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹) compared to those of LiMn₂O₄ by solid state method (49/2 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.02/2 A g⁻¹ and 20 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹).
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