Dietary Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Sweden
1991
Slorach, S. | Jorhem, L. | Becker, W.
A duplicate diet study on male and female pensioners in 1970–71 showed mean daily dietary lead intakes of 30 μg and 19 μg respectively. The corresponding cadmium intakes were 10.5μg and 12.9 μg. Analysis of duplicate diets collected during seven consecutive 24-hour periods from 15 women in Stockholm in 1988 showed a mean daily lead intake of 26 μg (range 13–40 μg). The corresponding cadmium intake was 8.5μg (range 5.7–14 μg). Analysis of faeces samples corresponding to the duplicate diets showed similar lead and cadmium contents (mean lead content 24 μg day⁻¹, range 10–41 μg day⁻¹; mean cadmium content 8.9 μg day⁻¹ range 5.5–12 μg day⁻¹). The median lead and cadmium concentrations in human milk collected in Uppsala were 2 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. The median weekly intakes of lead and cadmium by the breast-fed infants were calculated to be 2 μg kg⁻¹ body weight and 0.1 μg kg⁻¹ body weight. Analysis of seven daily diets, together representing the weekly diet of an adult Swedish male, showed a mean lead content of 26 μg (range 15–45 μg), and a mean cadmium content of 10 μg (range 7–15 μg). The mean daily intakes of lead and cadmium found by analysing market baskets prepared in 1987 were 17μg and 12μg respectively. Calculations based on food balance sheet data and levels of lead and cadmium in individual foods showed mean daily intakes of 30 μg lead and 14 μg cadmium per person.
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