Acute toxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservatives to freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica
2012
Li, Mei-Hui
Fourteen benzophenone-type UV filters and four paraben preservatives were selected to examine their acute toxicities on Dugesia japonica. The 48-h LC₅₀ values for planarians exposed to benzophenone-type UV filters can be ranked as oxybenzone > mexenone > 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone > 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone > 2-hydroxybenzophenone > dioxybenzone > benzophenone > 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone > 4-hydroxybenzophenone > 3-hydroxybenzophenone > 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone > 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone > 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone > sulisobenzone with a range from 0.9 to 145 mg L⁻¹ with a similar sequence for the 96 h LC₅₀ values, ranging from 0.5 to 77 mg L⁻¹. The 48 and 96 LC₅₀ values for planarians exposed to paraben preservatives can be ranked as butylparaben > propylparaben > ethylparaben > methylparaben. Among all the tested chemicals, oxybenzone was the most toxic and sulisobenzone the least toxic chemical to planarian at each exposure period. Most benzophenone-type UV filters are toxic to aquatic animals with 48 h LC₅₀ values less than 10 mg L⁻¹, except for 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone, and sulisobenzone. Because of their common occurrence in aquatic environment, more studies on aquatic toxicities of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservativs are needed to provide important information to adequately assess their ecological risk.
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