Tuning the antimicrobial efficacy of nano-Ca(OH)2 against E. coli using molarity
2022
Harish, | Kumar, Pushpendra | Kumari, Sapna | Debnath, Mousumi | Salim, Amena | Singhal, Rahul | Joshi, Rajendra P. | Mukhopadhyay, Anoop Kumar
The present work reports on tuning the antimicrobial efficacy of nano-Ca(OH)₂ against E. coli by appropriately tuning the molarity of the reactants. Thus, the phase pure nano-Ca(OH)₂ powders are developed by an inexpensive chemical precipitation technique using equimolar concentrations (e.g., 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 M) of [Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O] and NaOH solutions. The characterizations by the XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, DTA, TGA, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and agar plate well diffusion methods show that the higher the molarity of reactants, the higher the nanocrystallite size, the lower the optical band gap energy and the higher the (%) increase in inhibition zone diameters (Dᵢz) for exposure periods in the range of 6–48 h. These results are discussed in terms of relative variations in the microstructure, lattice strain, thermal stability, optical band gap energy, defect structure, and the amount of (OH⁻) ions. Further, the possible mechanisms of antimicrobial behavior are suggested. Finally, the implications of these results in terms of microstructurally tuned nano-Ca(OH)₂ materials development for prospective futuristic applications are highlighted.
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