Karnal bunt of wheat: Etiology, breeding and integrated management
2021
Kumar, Satish | Singroha, Garima | Singh, Gyanendra Pratap | Sharma, Pradeep
Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat caused by Tilletia indica Mitra (Nevossia indica Mundkur), was first reported in Karnal, India, in 1931 hence named as ‘Karnal bunt’. The disease mainly occurs in wheat growing regions with low winter temperatures and high humidity. The disease is a major concern for wheat import and export countries as the fungus is listed as causing a quarantine disease by many countries such as Australia, China, Europe and USA. Globalization, climate change, trade liberalization and international transportation of commodities have increased the potential for disease incursion. The host pathogen interaction is well characterized. Resistance sources to Karnal Bunt have been identified and used for breeding. The chromosomal assignments for QTL/genes controlling Karnal Bunt resistance in common wheat identified through the Genome Wide Association mapping studies (GWAS) is constructive in pre-emptive breeding against the pathogen in wheat produncing areas that are free from the disease. Early recognition of the pathogen is a critical step in its analysis and management. Recently published high-quality genomes of a monoteliosporic culture of Tilletia indica are promising resources for an understanding fungal pathogenesis and development. This will help not only in unraveling the complexity of molecular pathogenesis of this fungus but also in the effective management of the disease. This review highlights the current state of knowledge about etiology, breeding and management efforts of the wheat-Tilletia indica pathosystem and development of resistance sources to Karnal bunt in high yielding wheat genotypes.
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