Linoleic acid partially restores the triglyceride content of conjugated linoleic acid-treated cultures of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

We have previously demonstrated that a crude mixture of commercially available conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers suppressed triglyceride (TG) content and induced apoptosis in post-confluent cultures of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, we found that 100 micromolar of trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA had a greater TG-lowering and apoptotic effect than the crude mixture of CLA isomers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: 1) compare the potencies of the two main isomers found in the crude mixture of CLA isomers, e.g. cis-9, trans-11 (41%) and trans-10, cis- 12 (44%); and 2) determine if the TG-reducing actions of CLA could be attenuated by the addition of increasing levels of linoleic acid to the cultures. Preadipocyte differentiation was assessed on day 7 of the differentiation protocol by measuring TG content (per 10(6) cells), cell size, and lipid staining. In experiment 1, post-confluent cultures of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated or the first 6 d of differentiation with 100 micromolar of a crude mixture of CLA isomers or 44 micromolar of trans-10, cis-12 CLA had less TG content than all other cultures. In contrast, cultures supplemented with 41 micromolar of the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer had the same amount of TG as the BSA controls. In experiment 2, post-confluent cultures of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated for the first 6 d of differentiation with 50 micromolar trans-10, cis-12 CLA had less TG content and a greater number of smaller cells (10-12.5 microns) compared to all other treatments. CLA-treated cultures supplemented with increasing levels of linoleic acid (50-200 micromolar) had greater TG contents and greater numbers of larger cells (15-20 microns) than cultures treated with micromolar of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer alone. These data demonstrate that: 1) the TG-lowering effects of the crude mixture of CLA isomers is due almost exclusively to the trans-10, cis-12 isomer; and 2) linoleic acid partially reverses CLA's attenuation of TG content, suggesting that these unsaturated fatty acids may compete for incorporation into TG or phospholipid-derived eicosanoids that regulate preadipocyte differentiation.