Relationship of citrus limonoid structure to feeding deterrence against fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae
1993
Mendel, M.J. | Alford, A.R. | Rajab, M.S. | Bentley, M.D.
Five natural and semisynthetic limonoids and a synthetic model of limonin were tested against fifth instar fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Antifeedant activity was absent in both deoxylimonin and tetrahydrolimonin, demonstrating the necessity of the furan system and epoxide group for activity. A synthetic model that incorporated the furan system and epoxide group demonstrated activity, higher than the parent compound, limonin, Epilimonol was equal in antifeedant activity to limonin, individual indicating that the addition of a hydroxyl to the 7 position of the B-ring did not increase or reduce activity. Nomilin was the most active of the limonoids tested. A feeding deterrent simulation experiment indicated that the mode of action of the active limonoids was feeding deterrence.
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