Ecotoxicological Evaluation in an Effluent and Petrochemical Waste Disposal Area
2009
Terra, N. R. | Feiden, I. R. | Lemos, C. T. | Oliveira, N. C. D. | Pastoriza, T. F. | Fachel, J. M. G. | Vargas, V. M. F.
Water and sediment were studied to assess the impact of wastes from an area used for a disposal area of treated petrochemical effluents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study was performed using the Daphnia magna (Straus 1820) for chronical evaluations, mutagenesis in Salmonella/microsome assays, and micronuclei induction in cultures of V79 cell to assess genotoxicity. Six sites were defined for chronic and genotoxic tests by micronuclei induction with liquid and sediment samples. Long-term tests were planned in semi-static flow, with microcrustaceans 2 to 26 h old in the beginning of assays. The minimum level of reproduction required to maintain the species was not reached. There are delays for the beginning of the reproductive process. Survival was also affected in some samples. The reproductive responses were more sensitive on identifying environmental quality than the survival rate. The study of mutagenicity by Salmonella/microsome assay made it possible to define the seasonality of the components showing greater frequency in winter. The predominant event was the frameshift mutation in assays with the presence of metabolism. However, the cytotoxic activity, although present in all seasons, was less frequent in winter. The genotoxicity analysis in V79 cells exposed to liquid samples from the area also showed that cytotoxicity was the most frequent event. This may have interfered in the detection of a potential micronuclei induction. The results showed that, even after treatment, effluents disposed on the soil continue with active pollutants interfering in cladoceran's quality of life, cellular physiology, and DNA integrity.
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