Supercritical fluids in environmental remediation and pollution prevention
1997
Akgerman, A.
During the last decade use of supercritical fluids in environmental applications have increased due to their unique properties. Technologies have already been developed for extraction of organic compounds from aqueous and solid environmental matrices and research on extraction of metals is in progress. In most applications, supercritical carbon dioxide is the solvent of choice because it is environmentally benign, safe, and abundant at a low cost. Recent research focus is on use of supercritical fluids as separation and reaction media. Especially as the reaction media, supercritical fluids offer properties that may significantly affect reaction rates and selectivities. The most important property is the control of solvency power through density. This aspect may be used to eliminate side reactions, exceed thermodynamic yield limitations, or control polymer chain lengths and molecular weight distributions. In the separations area, supercritical fluids can be exploited for adsorptive separations of structurally very similar compounds and for selective extraction of thermally labile compounds from natural products.
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