Establishment of antitick efficacy of a phytoformulation prepared from Annona squamosa leaf extracts for the management of acaricide resistant tick infestations on cattle
2022
Sharma, Anil Kumar | Tiwari, Shashi Shankar | Kumar, Sachin | Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh | Srivastava, Sharad | Rāẏa, Debadatta | Singh, Nirbhay Kumar | Rawat, Sumer Singh | Sangwan, Arun Kumar | Ghosh, Srikanta
To combat the problem of acaricide resistance in ticks, efforts have been made to develop eco-friendly herbal acaricides which are safe for animal use with no possibilities of evoking environment and residual toxicity. In the present study, the acaricidal properties of a commonly available plant, Annona squamosa have been established to develop a novel antitick phytoformulation using leaf extract, suitable solvents and emulsifier for managing resistant tick infestations in animals. The quality control of the safe and stable phytoformulation using Rutin as a major constituent was maintained by HPTLC profiling. Several phytformulations (A-E) were prepared and formulation ‘C’ is identifried as the most effective showing 52.5–75% antitick activity against in vitro treated resistant strains of R. microplus (IVRI-IV and V) with 33.8–40.2% inhibition of oviposition while 65–85% mortality against multiacaricide resistant field populations. The phytoformulation provided 70.4% efficacy after first larval challenge in experimentally infested animals. The field efficacy of the formulation in different multilocational field trials was 68.53–77.8%. The detail antitick efficacy of the formulation along with safety and stability are explained as a component of antitck technology to manage resistant tick problem in livestock.
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