Oil Quality Characteristics of Some Newly Identified Promising Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes

Dried mature seeds of newly identified promising sesame genotypes procured from various AICRP on Sesame and Niger centres in India were analyzed for oil content and quality characteristics in order to identify genotypes promising in oil and essential fatty acids for crop improvement and value addition purpose. Among various genotypes, IVTS-05-23, TKG-22(NC), IVTS-05-24, IVTS-05-29 and RT-54 (NC) emerged superior in oil content. The suitability of sesame oil for human consumption on storage was evaluated by determining the peroxide value. The study revealed that genotypes IVTS-05-05, IVTS-05-08, IVTS-05-02, IVTS-05-20 and IVTS-05-18 exhibited lower values of peroxide (1.26 to 1.74 meq/Kg oil) over the rest. Significant variation in different fatty acids present in the sesame oil viz Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid was observed from 8.68 to 12.95, 3.73 to 7.86, 39.28 to 50.03, 32.94 to 45.49 and 0.00 to 0.37 per cent, respectively. The ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA:PUFA) and nutritional quality index (NQI) of the oil were also worked out to assess variability in nutritional suitability index of oil of sesame germplasm as a whole. The genotypes IVTS-05-18, IVTS-05-23, IVTS-05-26, IVTS-05-13 and IVTS-05-11 were adjudged to be more stable, genotypes exhibited the highest value for MUFA:PUFA ratio (1.51 to 1.36), while genotypes TKG-22(NC), IVTS-05-LC, RT-54 (NC), IVTS-05-24 and Brajeshwari (LC) recorded the highest value (2.69 to 2.57) for nutritional quality index (NQI) depicting their oil to be nutritionally superior over the rest. Over all nutritionally superior/multipurpose genotypes based on the ranking of genotypes for oil content, MUFA: PUFA and NQI in descending order (desirable trait) and peroxide value in ascending order (undesirable attribute) were also identified as TKG-22(NC), IVTS-05-17, IVTS-05-05, IVTS-05-02 and RT-54 (NC) excelling superior in that order.