Uptake Kinetics of As, Hg, Sb, and Se in the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw
2012
Díaz, Santiago | Villares, Rubén | Carballeira, Alejo
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the uptake kinetics of selected metals and metalloids in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica. For this purpose, moss specimens from a clean site were exposed to concentrations of As, Hg, Sb, and Se ranging from 0.1 to 10,000 μg l−1, for incubation times of between 1 and 22 days, and the tissue concentrations of the metals in the moss specimens were then measured. Uptake kinetics followed different patterns in relation to exposure time, although the most common was Michaelis–Menten kinetics. On the contrary, the contamination factors followed very similar patterns in relation to the exposure concentrations in all cases, with a good fit to logarithmic equations. The bioconcentration factors tended to decrease as exposure concentration increased. The bioconcentration factors for Hg were extremely high, even at the lowest concentration in water and for the shortest incubation time, which implies that F. antipyretica has a high capacity to magnify Hg levels in water, which is an important characteristic in a good biomonitor. According to the time to reach equilibrium, the minimum exposure time recommended for use in active biomonitoring by means of transplants is very variable, although high levels of the elements, except Sb, were found in the moss tissues within a few days. We do not recommend the use of this moss species to biomonitor low concentrations of Sb in water. The differences in maximum contamination factors and lowest bioconcentration factors suggest that As and Se were the most toxic of the elements under study.
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