Foliar-applied magnesium nanoparticles modulate drought stress through changes in physio-biochemical attributes and essential oil profile of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)
2022
Ojagh, Seyyed Ebrahim | Moaveni, Payam
Nanoparticles (NPs) are an emerging tool for mitigating environmental stresses. Although beneficial roles of NPs have been reported in some plants, there is little data on magnesium (Mg)-NPs in alleviating drought stress. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted to study changes in biochemical attributes and essential oil (EO) compositions of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) plants under drought stress and Mg-NPs in 2016 and 2017. Irrigation regimes were used in two levels as well-watered (irrigation intervals of 7 days) and drought stress (irrigation intervals of 14 days) conditions, and Mg-NPs were sprayed on leaves in four levels (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g L⁻¹). The results showed drought stress led to increased electrolyte leakage (EL), proline, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content (TFC). However, flowers yield and EO yield were lower in plants exposed to drought stress as compared to well-watered conditions. The 0.3 and 0.5 g L⁻¹ Mg-NPs were more effective in alleviating drought stress by enhancing these traits. Heat map results showed that EL and TSS represented the high variability upon different treatments. The GC and GC/MS results represented that α-pinene (8.60–12.20%), 1,8-cineol (9.03–14.02%), camphor (6.84–9.80%), α-bisabolol (8.54–18.81%), chamazulene (14.23–22.50%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.20–9.80%) were the min EO constitutes of yarrow plants. Totally, drought decreased monopertens but increased sesquiterpenes of EO. To sum up, foliar applied Mg-NPs in a range of 0.3–0.5 g L⁻¹ can be recommended as effective tool to improve plant yield through changes in biochemical attributes of yarrow plants.
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