Pt- and Pd-Promoted CeO2–ZrO2 for Passive NOx Adsorber Applications
2017
Ji, Yaying | Xu, Dongyan | Bai, Shuli | Graham, Uschi | Crocker, Mark | Chen, Bingbing | Shi, Chuan | Harris, Deb | Scapens, Dave | Darab, John
Pt- and Pd-promoted CeₓZr₁–ₓO₂ mixed oxides were characterized and investigated for passive NOx adsorber applications. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic with increasing cerium content in CeₓZr₁–ₓO₂, while H₂ and CO chemisorption data in all cases indicated average Pt and Pd particle sizes of close to 2 nm. H₂-temperature programmed reduction (TPD) measurements revealed a shift of the Pt reduction peak to higher temperature with increasing Ce content, consistent with a corresponding increase in the degree of Pt oxidation. According to microreactor data, doping Ce into the ZrO₂ lattice resulted in a significant improvement in low temperature (80–160 °C) NOx storage efficiency. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements on Pt/CeₓZr₁–ₓO₂ showed that as Ce content increased, relatively more nitrite species were generated during NOx storage. However, oxidation of nitrite to nitrate during subsequent NOx-TPD—increasing the concentration of more thermally stable nitrate—also correlated with increased Ce content. The use of Pd as a promoter resulted in decreased NOx storage efficiency compared to Pt, although low-temperature NOx desorption behavior was improved. This is attributed to decreased formation of nitrate during NOx storage compared to that of Pt, as well as the lower activity of Pd for oxidation of nitrite to nitrate during subsequent NOx-TPD. To achieve more balanced NOx storage and desorption behavior, Ce₀.₂Zr₀.₈O₂ was promoted with both Pt and Pd, resulting in superior overall NOx performance relative to its Pt and Pd analogues. After hydrothermal aging at 750 °C for 16 h, the copromoted sample still maintained excellent NOx adsorption–desorption performance.
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