High-Grade Canine T-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia with Plasmacytoid Morphology: A Clinical Pathological Study of Nine Cases
2003
Ponce, F. | Magnol, J. P. | Marchal, T. | Chabanne, L. | Ledieu, D. | Bonnefont, C. | Felman, P. | Fournel-Fleury, C.
The aim of this study is to determine the clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypical presentation of 9 cases of a particular type of canine T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. The morphological presentation was a diffuse infiltration of small, medium-sized, or large blast cells with eccentric nuclei, hyperbasophilic cytoplasm, and a juxtanuclear, pale cytoplasmic area, giving a plasmacytoid appearance and suggesting a B-cell morphology. Surprisingly, all 9 cases were of T-cell phenotype (CD3⁺). Among the 7 immunophenotyped cases, 4 were CD4–/CD8⁺, 2 CD8⁺/CD4⁺, and 1 CD4⁺/CD8–. The median Ki-67 index was 65.7%, which placed this lymphoma in the high-grade group. This type of lymphoma/leukemia was found in dogs between 1 and 11 years of age, with a median age of 5.8. The male-female ratio was 0.8 for a reference population of 1.04. The most significant clinical findings were lymphadenopathy either generalized or localized in all cases, a mediastinal mass in 4 cases, bone marrow involvement in 7 cases, hypercalcemia in 4 cases, along with an aggressive clinical course and a poor response to chemotherapy in all cases, with a median disease-free survival time of 3 months.
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