Anthropogenic litter on Brazilian beaches: Baseline, trends and recommendations for future approaches
2020
Andrades, Ryan | Pegado, Tamyris | Godoy, Bruno S. | Reis-Filho, José Amorim | Nunes, Jorge L.S. | Grillo, Ana Carolina | Machado, Renan C. | Santos, Robson G. | Dalcin, Roger H. | Freitas, Mateus O. | Kuhnen, Vanessa Villanova | Barbosa, Neuciane D. | Adelir-Alves, Johnatas | Albuquerque, Tiago | Bentes, Bianca | Giarrizzo, Tommaso
Beaches are fundamental habitats that regulate the functioning of several coastal processes and key areas contributing to national and local budgets. In this study we provide the first large-scale systematic survey of anthropogenic litter on Brazilian beaches, covering a total of 35 degrees of latitude, recording the litter type, its use and size. Plastic comprised the most abundant litter type, followed by cigarette butts and paper. Small pieces (<5 cm) were dominant among litter size-classes and food-related use was associated to most litter recorded types. Generalized additive models showed that proximity to estuarine run-offs was the main driver to beach litter accumulation, reinforcing river drainages as the primary route of litter coastal pollution. Also, the Clean-Coast Index evidenced there was not a pattern of beach litter pollution among regions, which denotes that actions regarding marine pollution must be taken by all state governances of the country.
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