Potent anti‐inflammatory Terminalia chebula fruit showed in vitro anticancer activity on lung and breast carcinoma cells through the regulation of Bax/Bcl‐2 and caspase‐cascade pathways
2020
Shendge, Anil Khushalrao | Sarkar, Rhitajit | Mandal, Nripendranath
The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activities of Terminalia chebula fruit (TCME). The TCME was evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity on A549 and MCF‐7 cells. TCME showed cytotoxicity toward A549 (IC₅₀ ‒ 359.06 ± 20.04 µg/ml), and MCF‐7 (IC₅₀ ‒ 61.02 ± 5.55 µg/ml) cells. The flow‐cytometer analysis revealed increase in sub G1 population and apoptotic population, which were observed through cell cycle analysis and annexin‐V‐FLUOS staining. Confocal microscopy showed DNA fragmentation in both the cell lines upon TCME treatment. Moreover, TCME treatment induces activation of apoptosis‐related caspase‐cascade pathways in both the cell lines. TCME treatment on RAW 264.7 cells revealed the anti‐inflammatory properties by regulating nitrite and TNF‐α production; iNOS, COX‐2 levels, and translocation of NF‐κB protein. Finally, HPLC analysis revealed the bioactive phytocompounds present in TCME. In conclusion, the combined results showed the potent anticancer and anti‐inflammatory properties of T. chebula fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in men with 35.5% incidences and 30.8% mortality rate worldwide. On the contrary, breast cancer possesses 55.2% incidences and 16.6% mortality rate among the female worldwide. The present findings revealed the anti‐lung and ‐breast cancer activity along with the potent anti‐inflammatory potentials of Terminalia chebula fruit. These findings will helpful to isolate the active drug molecules from the Terminalia chebula fruit and mark them as an anticancer and anti‐inflammatory agent.
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